Hot Dogging and the Evolution of Freestyle SkiingHot Dogging and the Evolution of Freestyle Skiing

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People were flying through the air on skis long before the Wright Brothers took to the sky. However, freestyle skiing, or ‘hot dogging’ as it was once known, really took off in the 1970s. With few rules, the aim of hot dogging was to go down the slope in the most spectacular way possible.

A competitor in Labatt’s World Cup Freestyle, Whistler 1980. When Whistler hosted a similar championship in 1973 it was called the Labatt’s National Aerial and Hot Dog Championships. Whistler Question Collection.

Looking back at the evolution of freestyle skiing can feel like reading a different language. Even avid freestyle skiers today may not be familiar with the popular tricks from the 1970s such as the Mule Kick, Back Scratcher or the Leg Breaker, however you may be able to visualise the movement from the name. Other tricks were named after the first person to complete or popularise a manoeuvre, such as the Daigle Banger, named after Canadian ski legend Michel Daigle who lived in Whistler and worked as a ski patroller and freestyle ski instructor. The Daigle Banger was a popular ski ballet move that involved a front flip and rotation with one hand planted on the snow.

In the 1960s, skiing followed a rigid structure with specific ideas about how a person ‘should’ ski, and ski racing was the sole competitive focus. Freestyle skiing was born out of rebellion against the ‘rules’ of skiing. While freestyle skiing was not always accepted by the competitive sporting bodies, it quickly became popular with spectators watching as the competitors put on a great show, combining speed, strength and imagination. In early competitions, it could be difficult to tell if a person was somersaulting down the hill on purpose, but initially it did not really matter. The scoring of very early hot dog competitions was largely based off of crowd reaction, and the cheering could be loudest after an entertaining crash.

Freestyle skiing was recognised by the International Ski Federation (FIS) in 1979 and the judges at the Freestyle World Cup were looking for a lot more than audience reaction. Made up of three disciplines, a competitor participated in moguls, aerials and ski ballet (also known as acroski) to become the overall Freestyle World Champion. While you have likely watched aerial and mogul competitions more recently, ski ballet fell out of favour in the early 1990s and never became an official Olympic sport.

A ski ballet competitor in Labatt’s World Cup Freestyle, Whistler 1980. As well as dance like steps, ski ballet included jumps, handstands, and balancing on poles (sometimes upside down) requiring strength and balance. Whistler Question Collection.

Ski Canada Magazine from Spring 1980 explained what spectators should expect when watching ski ballet. “The ballet competition is run on a smooth intermediate slope, each competitor performing a run made up of dance-like steps, spins and turns mixed with leaps and stunts. The degree of difficultly of the skier’s run is a major factor in his eventual score. His style, control, innovation as well as the fluidity of the routine count for most of the skier’s total score. Judges look for good choreography and interpretation of the music and well-constructed combinations of the basic manoeuvres. Often, the simplest manoeuvres are also the most difficult to execute well.”

Freestyle skiing has seen dramatic changes since the days of hot dogging thanks to athletes constantly pushing the boundaries of the sport, as well as advances in equipment. Recently the Whistler Museum was lucky to host a Speaker Series with local freestyle ski legends – three time Freestyle World Champion Stephanie Sloan, and ‘Godfather of freeskiing’ Mike Douglas.

Whistler’s Answers: April 14, 1983Whistler’s Answers: April 14, 1983

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In the 1980s the Whistler Question began posing a question to three to six people and publishing their responses under “Whistler’s Answers” (not to be confused with the Whistler Answer).  Each week, we’ll be sharing one question and the answers given back in 1983.  Please note, all names/answers/occupations/neighbourhoods represent information given to the Question at the time of publishing and do not necessarily reflect the person today.

Some context for this week’s question: The school break around Easter made skiing on both Whistler and Blackcomb Mountains busy and both companies hosted special events for kids and families over the holiday. Traditionally, the weekend of Easter marked the beginning of the end of the ski season in Whistler. Into the 1980s, spring and summer were slow seasons, with some businesses closing and some people leaving town.

Question: How do you feel about the decrease in activity around Whistler since the end of Easter break?

Karen Petrus – Village Employee – Whistler Cay

Well, you can definitely tell the season is ending. It’s really slowed down here but it’s nice, because we can get to know the local people. I find customers much cheerier and less demanding now so it’s more relaxing to work. Also, now we have a chance to do our big spring cleaning.

Cindy Brown – Whistler Mountain Ticket Checker – Emerald Estates

Personally I think the skiing is much better without all the little kids around. It’s great to have the mountain to ourselves again. At work, though, I’d far rather be busy – it’s way more fun meeting people and having the crowds.

Nancy Davies – Village Shop Owner – Whistler Cay Heights

I really like to look out of our store and see the village working. That’s the way it should be. When people are enjoying themselves it creates a great atmosphere here. I prefer when it’s busy because I enjoy meeting people and have more fun the more people there are around.

A Medical Centre in the BasementA Medical Centre in the Basement

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When the Whistler Medical Centre moved into part of the basement of Municipal Hall in 1986, it was expected to be a temporary facility that would be replaced by a purpose-built facility in the coming years. Despite the temporary nature of the facility, the space tripled the size of the Centre and was a huge improvement over its previous locations, which had been a double-wide trailer on Whistler Way and later the Whistler Golf Course parking lot.

The facility reportedly opened in 1986 with private offices for doctors (at the time there were still only two: Dr. Rob Burgess and Dr. Christine Rodgers; Whistler’s third doctor, Dr. Ron Stanley, joined the practice in 1988) and the public health nurse Marilyn McIvor, space for emergency patients, a casting bay, a lead-lined room for x-rays, and even a separate space of physiotherapy. By 1989, however, the growing medical needs of the community and visitors meant that the Centre needed more room and a 16-metre trailer was installed near Municipal Hall to house physiotherapy and doctors’ offices.

The physiotherapy office within the Medical Centre, shortly after opening in 1986. This space was later taken over and the physiotherapy and doctors’ offices moved to a trailer next to Municipal Hall. Whistler Question Collection, 1986

By 1993, the need for a new, permanent facility was acute. The Municipal Hall space was shared by a staff of 34 that included four nurses, and administrator, seven doctors, one lab technician, and six x-ray technicians, as well as by over 100 patients on busy days. Administrator Bev Wylie described the working conditions for staff as “comparable to a shoe box,” especially around holidays. According to Wylie, staff were doubled up in offices and the lunch room functioned as a meeting room, records room, supply room, coat closet, and quiet area. The incubator shared space in a hallway with stacks of files and a photocopier. The second-hand x-ray machine was already nine years old when it was installed in 1986 and designed to handle about 600 x-rays annually, but in Whistler it was doing over 7,000 each year. Dr. Andrew Hamson told the Whistler Question that the Centre could be “a complete, utter zoo.” Despite this, the staff continued to provide quality medical care to both residents and visitors of Whistler.

A patient is brought in by the paramedics, met by nurse Janet Hamer. Whistler Question Collection, 1993.

In the January 14, 1993 edition of the Question, Janet Hamer, a nurse at the Centre, compiled a list of cases the staff dealt with in 24 hours. From 8 am to 8 am, staff treated burns, sore throats, colds, flue, frostbite, fractures, injuries from fights, allergies, neck injuries, head injuries, eleven knee injuries from skiing, an overdose of LSD, and multiple patients from car accidents. By 1:50 pm, it was at least an hour to see a doctor, which became a two hour wait at 1:55 pm when a helicopter arrived with a patient with serious head and chest injuries. The Centre closed at 8 pm but the doctor on call returned at 8:25 pm to treat an anxiety attack and had patients on and off until 6:45 am.

Construction proceeds on the current Whistler Medical Centre in Village North. Whistler Question Collection, 1993.

With funding from the Squamish Lillooet Regional District Hospital board and the provincial government, as well as lots of fundraising by the Whistler Health Care Society, other community groups, and individuals, the current Whistler Health Care Centre facility was ready to open in the summer 1994. It reportedly had four times the space, with room for planned expansions (multiple expansions and upgrades to the Centre have been completed since its opening in 1994; most recently, the Whistler Health Care Foundation raised money for a new trauma unit that was completed in February 2022). When asked what they thought of the new facility, Dr. Dan Wallman told the Question, “It’s a tremendous improvement for the community and us. I would like to thank everyone who donated their time, effort, and money to this cause.” Lab technician Dawna Astle described it as “Professional, air conditioned, clean, and about time too!”

Whistler’s Answers: April 7, 1983Whistler’s Answers: April 7, 1983

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In the 1980s the Whistler Question began posing a question to three to six people and publishing their responses under “Whistler’s Answers” (not to be confused with the Whistler Answer).  Each week, we’ll be sharing one question and the answers given back in 1983.  Please note, all names/answers/occupations/neighbourhoods represent information given to the Question at the time of publishing and do not necessarily reflect the person today.

Some context for this week’s question: In the 1980s, the provincial government opened the Powder Mountain site to bids for development. By 1983, several ski resort developers had been attracted to the area but none had gone further than talking about it. In April 1983, a company called Powder Mountain Resorts Ltd. joined with French consortium SITAC International SA to develop a master plan for the recreational reserve in the Callaghan recreational reserve area. The plan called for skiing on six mountains and seven townsites. Some people questioned the feasibility of a ski resort in the area, in part because of the challenging terrain and unpredictable weather, while others were concerned such a development would dilute the market and draw business away from Whistler.

Question: How viable do you think the Powder Mountain development will be?

Ross Moore – Village Employee – Alpha Lake Village

I think it will probably take business away from Whistler and Blackcomb just because Powder Mountain is closer to Vancouver. People really don’t seem to be loyal to an area when they’re skiing. This might be a good time for Whistler and Blackcomb to join forces instead of competing with each other for the business.

Mark Angus – Mayor of Whistler – Gondola Area

I think there are still a lot of logistics problems to be solved before we see Powder Mountain take off. Where is their commercial base? Where will their sewage go? In the long run I don’t think it will be detrimental to Whistler. The market is still growing and they’d be dealing with a different clientele. It looks a bit like a pre-election perk to me.

Hugh Smythe – President, Blackcomb Skiing Enterprises – White Gold

I don’t think it’s viable at all due to large infrastructure cost. Building and maintaining the access road and putting power and sewage treatment in place will be extremely expensive. Also the skiable area is either too steep or above the tree line which is too high.